Superior Rectus Recession

Introduction

Muscle recession is a type of strabismus surgical procedure that aims to weaken an extraocular muscle by adjusting its insertion posteriorly closer to its origin. The patient is a 14-year-old with dissociated vertical deviation, which can be corrected with recession of the superior rectus muscle.

Methods

A conjunctival incision is made in the fornix. Tenon’s capsule is dissected to expose the superior rectus muscle. The superior rectus muscle is isolated using a Stevens tenotomy hook followed by a Jameson muscle hook. After the remaining Tenon’s attachments are cleared, the muscle is secured at both poles with a double-armed 6-0 VicrylTM suture and double-locking bites. The muscle is then disinserted from the sclera with Manson-Aebli scissors. A caliper is used to mark the predetermined distance of muscle reinsertion. Next, the muscle is reattached to the sclera with partial thickness bites and then tied down to its new location. The conjunctival incision is closed with 6-0 plain gut sutures.

Results

No complications arose during the procedure. Postoperatively, the patient had subconjunctival hemorrhage, injection, and pain that decreased over the following week. Neomycin-polymyxin-dexamethasone drops were applied daily to prevent infection and inflammation. At the three-month follow up, the redness had resolved. The dissociated vertical deviation had improved.

Conclusion

Superior rectus recession is a safe procedure that can effectively treat vertical strabismus.

By: Michelle Huynh

College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

mhuynh@uams.edu

Surgeons:

Brita Rook, MD

Arkansas Children’s Hospital – Department of Ophthalmology, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

BSRook@uams.edu

Joseph Fong, MD

Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA

JFong@uams.edu

Video was performed at Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA.

Redo Posterior Fossa Decompression with Duraplasty for the Treatment of Chiari Type I Malformation

Chiari decompression is a common neurosurgical procedure.  Chiari malformations present with a number of symptoms including Valsalva-induced headaches, swallowing dysfunction, and sleep apnea.  Chiari malformations can also cause syringomyelia and syringobulbia.  Surgical procedures used for the treatment of Chiari malformation include bone-only decompression (posterior fossa craniectomy +/- cervical laminectomy), craniectomy/laminectomy with duraplasty, and craniectomy/laminectomy/duraplasty with shrinkage or resection of the cerebellar tonsils.  The procedure used depends on the specifics of the patient’s condition and the preference of the surgeon.

The patient presented here had undergone a prior Chiari decompression at the age of 20 months.  This was bone-only with posterior fossa craniectomy and C1-2 laminectomy.  The dura was not opened due to the presence of a venous lake.  He initially had improvement in his symptoms.  However, his headaches and snoring recurred, balance worsened, and dysphagia never improved.  Therefore, a repeat Chiari decompression at the age of 28 months was performed as presented here.

Laparoscopic Transposition of Lower Pole Crossing Vessels or ‘The Vascular Hitch’

Contributors: John Loomis (Texas A&M Health Science Center)

Purpose: Relief of UPJ obstruction

Instruments: da Vinci Robotic Surgical System

Landmarks: Retropertionem, ureters, kidney, lower pole crossing vessel

Procedure: The laparoscopic transposition of lower pole crossing vessels, or “vascular hitch”, has been successfully used to relieve purely extrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction in both adults and children. This case describes the surgical steps for successfully completing this technique. Our patient is a 7 year old female. After induction of general anesthesia, the patient is placed in the right or left lateral decubitus postion (depending on the affected kidney). Access to the abdomen is accomplished with an infraumbilical incision utilizing a Veress needle, with insufflation and saline drop test. A 12mm port is placed in this incision and 2 robotic ports are placed under direct supervision, one in the midline of the suprapubic region and the other in the midline of the epigastric region, with an additional 5mm assistant port. Release of the liver or splenic attachments, with mobilization of the right and left colon, allows for exposure. After doing so, dissection into the retroperitoneum reveals the ureter, which can then be followed to the UPJ and the vessels of interest. Careful dissection of these vessels, the ureter, and lower pole, allows for mobilization of the crossing vessels to a more cranial point on the renal pelvis. “Hitching” of the vessels to this point is accomplished with interrupted 5-0 PDS, and allows for relief of the UPJ obstruction. The lower pole of the kidney is observed throughout to ensure adequate vascularization after hitching of the crossing blood vessels. Closure of the fascia and skin is accomplished in the usual fashion.

Conflict of Interest: None

References: 1. Sakoda A1, Cherian A, Mushtaq I., “Laparoscopic transposition of lower pole crossing vessels (‘vascular hitch’) in pure extrinsic pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction in children.”, BJU Int. 2011 Oct;108(8):1364-1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10657.x

2. Gundeti MS, Reynolds WS, Duffy PG, Mushtaq I. “Further experience with the vascular hitch (laparoscopic transposition of lower pole crossing vessels): an alternate treatment for pediatric ureterovascular ureteropelvic junction obstruction.”, J Urol. 2008 Oct;180:1832-1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.05.055

3. Schneider A, Ferreira CG, Delay C, Lacreuse I, Moog R, Becmeur F., “Lower pole vessels in children with pelviureteric junction obstruction: laparoscopic vascular hitch or dismembered pyeloplasty?”, J Pediatric Urol. 2013 Aug;9(4):419-423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.07.005

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17797/maqcmavan0

Ear Tube Removal and T-tube Replacement

Contributors: Gresham T. Richter (University of Arkansas for the Medical Scienc)

1) Purpose: Untreated Eustachian Tube dysfunction can lead to retraction of the tympanic membrane (TM) and, eventually, an atelectatic middle ear. The insertion of a tympanostomy tube attempts to equalize the air pressure of the middle ear with the environment, allowing for the stabilization of the TM. Bobbin style tubes have an average extrusion time of less than a year while T-tubes remain in place longer but risk residual perforation. (1)

2)Instruments: Rigid endoscopes were used to direct and record the procedure with standard video monitoring. Straight cupped forceps were used to debride the external auditory canal. A myringotomy knife was used to make the myringotomy.

3) Landmarks: After debridement of cerumen, the handle of the malleus and the incudostapedial joint are clearly visualized as indicated with titles in the video. Note that the patient’s tympanic membrane shows an incudostapediopexy and deep retraction which is not the typical tympanic membrane position.

4) Procedure: Cerumen is debrided from the EAC. A myringotomy knife is used to enter the middle ear space which is suctioned. A t-tube is placed, and the position is confirmed.

5) Conflict of Interest and Source of Funding The authors have no financial disclosures.

6) References 1. Weigel MT, Parker MY, Goldsmith MM, Postma DS, Pillsbury HC. “A prospective randomized study of four commonly used tympanostomy tubes.” The Laryngoscope. 1989 Mar;99(3):252-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198903000-00003

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17797/7zpuk5q5r6

Excision of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Contributors: Juliana Bonilla-Velez and Gresham Richter

This patient presented with an anterior neck mass that was mobile with tongue movement. This is consistent with a thyroglossal duct cyst.  The following video demonstrates the excision of a thyroglossal duct cyst using the Sistrunk procedure.

DOI#: http://dx.doi.org/10.17797/oelc9n6wlc

Alopecia Excision and Repair

Contributors: Michael Golinko  and Kumar Patel

Removal of an approximately 5 cm congenital alopecia using an O to Z or
yin-yang flap method.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17797/rbbu00mhp0

Pediatric Trigger Thumb Release

Videos:   Theresa Wyrick and Asa Shnaekel

In this video, we show the open surgical release of the A1/proximal transverse pulley in the thumb to restore movement in a patient with a thumb interphalangeal joint flexion deformity consistent with pediatric trigger thumb.

DOI# http://dx.doi.org/10.17797/b70rwrfg0p

Bilateral Sagittal Spilt Osteotomy and Genioplasty in Patient with Lymphatic Malformation

Contributors: Michael Golinko, MD,  John Jones, MD, DMD,  Kumar Patel, PA

Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and genioplasty in 5y/o girl with lymphatic malformation.

DOI#: https://doi.org/10.17797/hlo056ep2r

LeFort I Osteotomy and Advancement in Patient with Maxillary Hypoplasia

Contributors: Michael Golinko, Kumar Patel and Bridget O’Leary

LeFort I osteotomy and advancement in 18y/o female patient with maxillary hypoplasia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17797/1cu3tz50yf

Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair

Contributors: Larry Hartzell

Repair of the bilateral cleft lip deformity can be challenging to the cleft and craniofacial surgeon.  The goals of an acceptable repair must include precise continuity of the cupid’s bow, maximizing philtral length, and establishing a mucosa lined sulcus.  We present an example of a repair of the bilateral incomplete lip as described by Millard.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17797/qefi9lqbam

Create An Author

Create A User

Create A Term

CME Feedback

Your 30-second teaser has ended. Log in or sign up to watch the full video.

Please sign up using the button below to get
full access to CSurgeries

You have gained maximum
CME credits this year.

Your CME credits will reset next year. You can still continue to watch our videos.​

Newsletter Signup

"*" indicates required fields

This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.
Name*