This video demonstrates how to perform an ultrasound-guided iPACK (infiltration between the popliteal artery and the knee capsule) block as an adjuvant technique for postoperative pain control in a pediatric patient presenting for anterior cruciate ligament repair.
School: UAMS Medical Center (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences)
Interatrial Baffle Augmentation of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava to Right Atrium
Surgical correction with a one-patch interatrial baffle for a patient with a persistent left superior vena cava and a secundum atrial septal defect.
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty Surgical Repair
Mitral valve annuloplasty repair for an adolescent female that has mitral valve regurgitation, an A2/A3 prolapse, and a dilated left atrium and ventricle.
Pediatric Ultrasound-Guided Adductor Canal Block
This video demonstrates how to perform an ultrasound-guided single-shot adductor canal block for postoperative pain control in a pediatric patient presenting for anterior cruciate ligament repair.
Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Graft Placement
Introduction: Cartilage tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at repairing the tympanic membrane using cartilage grafts. This technique is particularly effective in cases of chronic otitis media, recurrent perforations, where traditional methods may fail. The procedure not only aims to close the perforation but also to restore hearing and reconstruct a healthy middle ear cavity. This case report presents a patient undergoing cartilage tympanoplasty placement procedure, highlighting the surgical technique.
Procedure Presentation: The cartilage tympanoplasty procedure begins with harvesting tragal cartilage, carefully preserving an anterior remnant for cosmetic purposes. The graft is measured, harvested, and trimmed to fit the tympanic membrane defect, with the perichondrium preserved on one side. A central trough is carved for seating on the malleus handle. The tympanomeatal flap is elevated, allowing placement of the graft in the middle ear cavity medial to the tympanic membrane. Crushed gel foam supports the graft, and the tympanomeatal flap is draped over it. The surgeon carefully inspects to ensure proper placement and complete perforation coverage. Additional gel foam in the canal prevents graft lateralization, completing this precise and meticulous surgical technique.
Conclusion : This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of cartilage tympanoplasty in treating chronic otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation. The use of cartilage grafts provides a robust and reliable method for tympanic membrane reconstruction, offering excellent anatomical and audiological outcomes. Further studies with larger patient cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and refine the surgical technique.
Cartilage Tympanoplasty: Graft Harvest and Formation
Introduction: Cartilage tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at repairing the tympanic membrane using cartilage grafts. This technique is particularly effective in cases of chronic otitis media, recurrent perforations, where traditional methods may fail. The procedure not only aims to close the perforation but also to restore hearing and reconstruct a healthy middle ear cavity. This case report presents a patient undergoing cartilage tympanoplasty placement procedure, highlighting the surgical technique.
Procedure Presentation: The cartilage tympanoplasty procedure begins with harvesting tragal cartilage, carefully preserving an anterior remnant for cosmetic purposes. The graft is measured, harvested, and trimmed to fit the tympanic membrane defect, with the perichondrium preserved on one side. A central trough is carved for seating on the malleus handle. The tympanomeatal flap is elevated, allowing placement of the graft in the middle ear cavity medial to the tympanic membrane. Crushed gel foam supports the graft, and the tympanomeatal flap is draped over it. The surgeon carefully inspects to ensure proper placement and complete perforation coverage. Additional gel foam in the canal prevents graft lateralization, completing this precise and meticulous surgical technique.
Conclusion : This case report demonstrates the effectiveness of cartilage tympanoplasty in treating chronic otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation. The use of cartilage grafts provides a robust and reliable method for tympanic membrane reconstruction, offering excellent anatomical and audiological outcomes. Further studies with larger patient cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and refine the surgical technique.
Intermediate Cervical Plexus Nerve Block
This video demonstrates how to perform an ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus nerve block for postoperative pain control in a pediatric patient presenting for cochlear device implant.
Ultrasound-Guided Rectus Sheath Block for Intraoperative and Postoperative Pain Management in Pediatric Patients
In this video, a bilateral ultrasound-guided rectus sheath nerve block is demonstrated on a 7-year-old male child undergoing umbilical hernia repair. After the induction of general anesthesia, nerve block time-out is conducted. Following this, the periumbilical area is cleansed using chlorhexidine. A high-frequency linear ultrasound probe is then placed in a transverse orientation lateral to the umbilicus to identify the rectus muscle and its posterior rectus sheath. The three lateral abdominal wall muscles—internal oblique, external oblique, and transversus abdominis—are also visualized lateral to the rectus muscle.
Using an in-plane technique, a 22-gauge, 50-millimeter-long Pajunk needle is inserted from lateral to medial direction. The needle is advanced through the subcutaneous tissue and the body of the rectus muscle until it reaches the target plane between the rectus muscle and the posterior rectus sheath. Correct needle placement is confirmed through hydro dissection with normal saline, where proper spread is indicated by separation of the rectus sheath from the muscle or by the rectus muscle lifting up.
Next, 0.2% Ropivacaine, a local anesthetic, is incrementally injected. The procedure is then repeated on the opposite side with total drug volume typically ranging from 0.05 ml/kg to 1.0 ml/kg up to a maximum total volume of 10 to 20 ml. The patient tolerates the procedure well and does not require any opioids intraoperatively or postoperatively in the post-anesthesia care unit.
Pediatric Ultrasound-Guided Caudal Block
This video demonstrates how to perform an ultrasound-guided single-shot caudal block for postoperative pain control in a pediatric patient about to undergo bilateral inguinal hernia repair.
Right Neck Dissection
Introduction
Neck dissection stands as a crucial surgical procedure predominantly utilized in addressing head and neck cancers. It involves the methodical elimination of lymph nodes and potentially adjacent tissues to curb cancer dissemination. This procedure can be delineated into several types based on the extent of surgery and the structures targeted, including radical neck dissection (RND), modified radical neck dissection (MRND), selective neck dissection (SND), and extended neck dissection.[1]
Neck dissection is recommended for various conditions such as metastatic neck cancer, cancers affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, or thyroid with a high risk of lymphatic spread, and as a prophylactic measure in cases of head and neck cancers with a high risk of occult metastasis.[1] Understanding the anatomy of the cervical lymphatic system, which is divided into distinct levels (I-VII) each containing specific groups of lymph nodes, is essential for conducting effective neck dissection.[2,3] The radical neck dissection (RND), introduced by George Crile Sr. in 1906, was long regarded as the standard treatment for metastatic neck disease.[2,4] However, modifications to the procedure have been developed over time to reduce associated morbidity while ensuring oncological safety.[1]
Surgical procedure
The surgical procedure of neck dissection typically involves a series of steps: an incision is made along an existing neck crease, subplatysmal flaps are then elevated to expose underlying anatomical structures and lymph nodes, different groups of lymph nodes are systematically removed depending on the type of dissection, and finally, the surgical site is closed in layers with the placement of a drain.[4] Complications of neck dissection may include nerve damage resulting in shoulder dysfunction, bleeding and hematoma formation, infection and issues with wound healing, as well as the development of lymphedema.[1]
Conclusion
Neck dissection is a vital procedure in the management of head and neck cancers, designed to remove lymph nodes that may harbor metastatic disease. The type of neck dissection performed is tailored to the extent of disease and the need to preserve function and reduce morbidity. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and careful surgical technique are essential to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.
References
Harish K. Neck dissections: radical to conservative. World J Surg Oncol. 2005 Apr 18;3(1):21. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-3-21. PMID: 15836786; PMCID: PMC1097761.
Jiang, Z., Wu, C., Hu, S. et al. Research on neck dissection for oral squamous-cell carcinoma: a bibliometric analysis. Int J Oral Sci 13, 13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-021-00117-5
Rigual NR, Wiseman SM. Neck dissection: current concepts and future directions. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2004;13(1):151-166. doi:10.1016/S1055-3207(03)00119-4
Antonio Riera March, M. (2023, November 28). Radical neck dissection. Background, History of the Procedure, Problem. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/849895-overview?form=fpf