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This video demonstrates how to perform an ultrasound-guided single-shot caudal block for postoperative pain control in a pediatric patient about to undergo bilateral inguinal hernia repair.
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1. Kao SC, Lin CS. Caudal Epidural Block: An Updated Review of Anatomy and Techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9217145. doi:10.1155/2017/9217145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28337460/
2. Wiegele M, Marhofer P, Lönnqvist PA. Caudal epidural blocks in paediatric patients: a review and practical considerations. Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(4):509-517. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30857607/
3. Boretsky KR, Camelo C, Waisel DB, Falciola V, Sullivan C, Brusseau E, Eastburn E, Gomez-Moraz A, Luckanavanich W. Confirmation of success rate of landmark-based caudal blockade in children using ultrasound: A prospective analysis. Paediatr Anaesth. 2020 Jun;30(6):671-675. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32267040/
4. Jain D, Hussain SY, Ayub A. Comparative evaluation of landmark technique and ultrasound-guided caudal epidural injection in pediatric population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Jan;32(1):35-42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34752689/
5. Candido K, Tharian A, Winnie A.“Caudal Anesthesia.” NYSORA, 21 Apr. 2022, www.nysora.com/techniques/neuraxial-and-perineuraxial-techniques/caudal-anesthesia/#toc_INDICATIONS-FOR-CAUDAL-EPIDURAL-ANALGESIA-IN-CHILDREN. https://www.nysora.com/techniques/neuraxial-and-perineuraxial-techniques/caudal-anesthesia/
6. Greaney D, Everett T. Paediatric regional anaesthesia: updates in central neuraxial techniques and thoracic and abdominal blocks. BJA Educ. 2019;19(4):126-134. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33456881/
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